Documenti. EPIC, End Poverty in Californa

Dell'America si ricorda sempre e solo quello che l'America ha deciso di farci ricordare.
Forse è per questo che la figura di Upton Sinclair - scrittore (ricordiamo "La Giungla", ma anche "The Profits of religion") ed attivista politico di rara coerenza - rimane, di sicuro in Italia, praticamente sconosciuta ai più, così come la sua avventura politica con il movimento EPIC (acronimo di End Poverty in California).
In piena Depressione, Sinclair propone una "semplice" soluzione al problema della disoccupazione e della povertà: permettere ai disoccupati di produrre per il proprio "uso", e non per il profitto, attraverso un sistema di cooperative finanziato - nella sua fase di start up - da una "EPIC Tax" che doveva essere applicata fondamentalmente alle grandi corporations.
Un piano tanto rivoluzionario da essere ovviamente oggetto della prima grande campagna di disinformazione della storia: in fondo, era troppo "socialista"... Ma questo non gli aveva impedito di sconfiggere gli altri candidati democratici alle primarie del Partito, e non gli impedì di raccogliere ben il 34% dei voti nelle elezioni del 1934 per lo Stato della California, percentuale che non gli consentì, tuttavia, di accedere alla carica di governatore.
Eppure, a settantacinque anni di distanza, il suo pensiero, e le sue proposte, andrebbero ristudiate a fondo, in un contesto come quello italiano dove la crisi del manifatturiero è tale da non lasciare intravedere, anche solo nel breve termine, grandi vie di uscita. Lo stesso nel contesto pratese, che più di altre realtà sta accusando la crisi (che presenta sempre di più caratteristiche strutturali e non congiunturali).
Quindi, proviamo ad immaginare, da utopisti quali siamo, la possibilità per i tanti disoccupati ed inoccupati pratesi di produrre - nei tanti capannoni vuoti della città - il necessario all'uso quotidiano, attivando un circuito di scambio non monetario o parallelo (come potrebbe essere lo SCEC). Magari riscoprendo quella vocazione al riciclo che ha fatto grande l'industria pratese...

Forse, oggi, a Prato manca un po' di sana utopia...

Kritias
per Municipio Verde

End Poverty in California
The EPIC Movement

THE LITERARY DIGEST asked Upton Sinclair, Democratic candidate for Governor of California, to contribute the current article on the “outstanding issues of the forthcoming campaign and the fundamental problems confronting the country to-day.”
By Upton Sinclair Democratic Candidate for Governor of California


The meaning of our movment to End Poverty In California and its polling the largest vote ever cast in a California primary, is that our people have reached the saturation point as regards suffering. We are just about to begin the sixth year of the depression. We have one-and-a-quarter million persons dependent upon public charity, and probably as many more who are able to get only one or two days’ work a week or who are dependent upon relatives and friends. That is too heavy a burden of suffering for any civilized community to carry.
A man’s attitude toward this situation depends upon one factor. If he believes that private industry is “coming back,” he is willing to wait and endure and patch things up. But finally in must occur to him to wonder whether the thing called “prosperity” will ever come back again. If he makes up his mind that it is not coming back, then his whole attitude changes and he is ready to consider some new procedure, thoroughgoing and drastic.
I have been telling the people of California for the past year that this is the permanent crisis, the one which does not pass away. I claim to speak with authority, because I have devoted my whole thinking life to the study of depressions, their cause and their cure; I proved my knowledge by predicting thirty-one years ago, and continuously ever since, this particular crisis, the “permanent” one. I assert that it is caused by the overproduction not merely of consumption goods such as food and clothing which are quickly used up, but of production goods, the great machines and factories, which do not get used up but stay right where they are.

“The Permanent Crisis”
I am telling the people of America that we have ten million unemployed who will never work again while the present system endures. For the past year I have been telling the people of California that the burden of supporting their permanently unemployed million-and-a-quarter is driving cities, counties, and State directly into bankruptcy. I have told them that in some hundred and fifty mass meetings, attended by from one thousand to fifteen thousand persons. I have told them in some three hundred thousand pamphlets and some five million copies of weekly newspapers. And in August some four hundred and fifty thousand of them went to the polls and said that they agreed with me.
Just what is to be done? No more important question confronts the American people today. If we do not find an orderly solution, we are going straight into the course of horrors which we have witnessed in Germany. I have believed all my life in democracy, the right and ability of the people to govern themselves. I am now offering the people of my home State a plan and a technique of procedure which will remedy the depression by gradual stages in a peaceable and human fashion, without violence and the overthrow of our political, industrial, or social system.
The “EPIC” (End Poverty in California) movement proposes that our unemployed shall be put at productive labor, producing everything which they themselves consume and exchanging those goods among themselves by a method of barter, using warehouse receipts or labor certificates or whatever name you may choose to give to the paper employed. It asserts that the State must advance sufficient capital to give the unemployed access to good land and machinery, so that they may work and support themselves and thus take themselves off the backs of the taxpayers. The “EPIC” movement asserts that this will not hurt private industry, because the unemployed are no longer of any use to industry.
We plan a new cooperative system for the unemployed. Whether it will be permanent depents upon whether I am right in my belief about the permanent nature of the depression. If prosperty comes back the workers will drift back into private industry. No harm will have been done, because certainly the unemployed will produce something in the meantime, and the State will be that much to the good.

New Cooperative System
To meet the immediate emergency in our State and get the money to start our new cooperative system, we propose what we call an “EPIC” tax. That is an ad valorem tax on property assessed above $100,000, which means about $250,000 of actual value. This tax will fall almost entirely upon our great corporations and utilities, and to make it easier for them we shall make it payable at the option of the State, in goods and services. That will give us most of the raw materials and all of the utility services which the unemployed will need to get production started.
We have a great irrigation and power project known as the Central Valley Project. We propose to send fifty thousand unemployed into this work and ask the farmers of the Central Valleys to bring their surplus food crops, taking credits which will be good for water and power when the project is completed. The “EPIC” tax will give us the needed lumber, cement, rock and gravel, steel, etc., and light, heat, power, and transportation. The project will be carried out by our Public Works Department, and it will bring industry back to life in California.
The Literary Digest October 13, 1934